Jade's 'Four Stand-Ins'

Appearance characteristics: good water head, gray and white color, accompanied by blue and green floating flowers, irregular and opaque 'white brain' and 'cotton' can be seen on the jade. Common varieties are bracelets, hanging tags, and carved pieces.　　 'Four Substitutes' of jadeite 　　 In the market, there are 4 kinds of jade that look very similar to jadeite, and it is easy to fake and sell natural jadeite.　　1. Albite jade　　 A kind of fake jadeite that is more common in the market. Insiders call it 'Shuimoziyu'.　　　 appearance characteristics: good water head, gray and white color, accompanied by blue and green floating flowers, irregular and opaque 'white brain' and 'cotton' can be seen on the jade. Common varieties are bracelets, hanging tags, and carved pieces.　　 Gemological characteristics: The main mineral composition is albite, the rest are pyroxene and amphibole minerals, with a refractive index of 1.52 to 1.53, a specific gravity of 2.54 to 2.70, and a hardness of 5.0 to 6.0. Generally no fluorescence reaction.　　2. Calcium garnet jade　　 This kind of jade is called 'tumbler' in the industry.　　 Appearance characteristics: poor water head, slightly transparent to translucent. The green is spotted or striped. The hardness and feel are the same as jadeite, and it is easy to mix with the dried jadeite. This kind of jade has a certain amount in the market.　　 Gemological characteristics: The main mineral composition is garnet, which can reach more than 90%, and contains a small amount of zoisite and Fushanite. The refractive index is 1.71 to 1.72, the specific gravity is 3.41 to 3.44, the hardness is 6.5 to 7, and there is no fluorescence reaction. The color filter turns red in green.　　3. Siliceous rock jade 　　 Appearance characteristics: the head is full, translucent and above. Grease to glass luster. Green is more uniform. Extremely mixed with medium and high-end jade.　　 Gemological characteristics: The mineral composition is mainly opal, chalcedony, quartz, and a small amount of clay minerals. The refractive index is 1.45, the specific gravity is 2.13 to 2.50, the hardness is 6 to 6.5, white fluorescence, green to red under the color filter.　　4. Amphibole jade 　　 appearance characteristics: gray-green in color, cyan banded pattern, containing more impurities. Some water heads are better, semi-transparent and sub-transparent. It is easy to mix with the uncolored green jade.　　 Gemological characteristics: The main mineral components are amphibole group minerals and feldspars, containing a small amount of chromite, refractive index 1.60 to 1.61, specific gravity 2.96 to 3.02, hardness about 6 and no fluorescence reaction.